A Level: Databases Technologies (A7-R5, NIELIT / DOEACC)

Application software requires data to be stored permanently. Databases provide the facility to store data permanently. Further, databases provide the functionality to maintain and retrieve data. Depending upon different types of data storage, retrieval, and processing, different types of databases are required. This module is designed with a view to equipping the learner with two types of databases, RDBMS and NoSQL databases.

The module is designed to equip a learner to acquire knowledge of the current trend and technologies of Databases. It provides a theoretical background as well as in-depth knowledge of Software/ packages. After completing the module, the incumbent will be able to:

• Understand Database design using Normalization and E-R modeling
• Use Standard Query Language and its various versions.
• Understand the importance of backup and recovery techniques.
• Develop Database System to handle real-world problems.
• Understand to use Maria DB
• Learn concept of JSON Object & NoSQL Database

What is the database? Why database? Database system, database management system (DBMS), advantages of DBMS.

Three levels of architecture, Logical View, Physical View, Conceptual View, Logical data independence, Physical Data Independence

Introduction, RDBMS terminology, relational model, base tables, keys, primary key, foreign key, constraints, Codd Rules.

Normalization, Normal forms-1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF 4NF and 5NF, E-R Diagram. Mapping ER-diagram to database tables.

Introduction to Maria DB, Data Types, SQL Commands, Create, insert, update, delete, drop, alter, SQL functions (String functions, date functions), indexing, key, primary key, foreign key

SQL Statements, Select, like clause, group by, order by, joins-left join, natural join, right join, union. Correlated and nested queries. Backup and restore commands

Introduction to NoSQL Databases, Difference between relational and NoSQL databases. NoSQL features, types, advantages, Architecture of MongoDB, Documents, Collections, Dynamic Schemas, Mongo Shell, Mongo Server and Client, Data Types, Embedded Documents, Creating Configuration file for Mongo, JSON File format for storing documents, Inserting and Saving Documents, Batch Insert, Insert Validation, Removing Documents, Updating Documents, Document Replacement, Using Modifiers, Updating Multiple Documents, Returning Updated Documents, Introduction to Indexing, Introduction to Compound Indexes, Using Compound Indexes, Indexing Objects and Arrays, Aggregation Framework, Pipeline Operations- $match, $project, $group, $unwind, $sort, $limit, $skip, Using Pipelines, MongoDB and MapReduce, Aggregation Commands, Introduction to Replication, configuring a Replica Set, Member Configuration Options

Selection of right databases, RDBMS or NoSQL, selection of database based on performance, data size, type of data, frequency of accessing data, business needs, type of application.